ERAVAP is the leading solution for high precision vapor pressure testing of live and dead crude oils according to ASTM D6377, IP481 and GOST 52340. Its unique cell design allows high shaking speeds ensuring unrivaled accuracy and short measuring times. Additionally, special V/L ratio measurements, including the TVP (True Vapor Pressure) method are available.
Vapor pressure of crude oil is a key parameter when planning the transportation of crudes through different climate zones. When performing crude oil vapor pressure measurements one has to bear the actual ambient conditions during transportation in mind. Is the crude transported in rail cars the headspace is approximately 5% where as a floating roof-top tank has nearly no headspace at all. This is important since the vapor to liquid ratio (V/L) and the storage temperature are highly influencing the vapor pressure of crude. This is especially true for live crude oil which still contains high amounts of volatile light ends.
The graph on the side shows the influence of the V/L ratio and the temperature on crude oil vapor pressure testing.
Measuring at the standard conditions of V/L = 4 and T = 37.8 °C the vapor pressure of the sample crude was approximately 40 kPa. At a V/L ratio of 0.02 found in rail cars, trucks or ships already gives a vapor pressure of around 100 kPa. Assuming that this storage tank stands in bright sunlight heating its content to a temperature of 60 °C the vapor pressure rises even further to 120 kPa.
The more light ends the transported crude contains the higher these effects will get. This highlights the importance to measure the crude’s vapor pressure under realistic conditions.
Crude oil properties like viscosity play an important role for vapor pressure measurements. As a higher viscosity significantly delays the formation of a pressure equilibrium, shaking of the measuring cell is mandatory for ASTM D6377. ERAVAP features a superior cell and shaker design, which allows for a shaking speed of 4.3 cycles per second (red curves), much higher compared to other vapor pressure testers on the market (green and yellow curves). This results not only in a faster measurement, but also significantly increases the accuracy and precision. Insufficient shaking or applying a static measuring time can lead to lower values with a bias of up to 10 kPa (1.5 psi).
ERAVAP is the only vapor pressure tester on the market that can be equipped with the optional density meter module DENS4052 (patent pending), fully compliant to ASTM D4052 & ISO 12185 (r = 0.0001 g/cm³). This allows for a simultaneous density and vapor pressure measurement of crude oil. Additionally, the density module can be combined with a pressurized filling system (FPC/MPC), making it uniquely convenient for the testing of volatile crude oils.
Measuring live crudes containing high amounts of volatiles requires the use of a pressurized sampling system, such as eralytics newly developed manual piston cylinder ERAVAP MPC (ASTM D8009) or standard FPC floating piston cylinders (ASTM D3700). If such crudes are measured from an open bottle, most volatiles will be lost, giving wrong VP results. For highly pressurized sampling eralytics special pressure regulator can be attached directly to ERAVAP.
eralytics‘ high viscosity module also allows the measurement of highly viscous samples. By heating the inlet, the outlet, and all connecting tubes as well as the inlet assembly up to 70°C, this optional HVM module makes ERAVAP the perfect analyzer for challenging samples like fuel oil or heavy crudes. ERAVAP Crude directly draws up the sample into the measurement chamber by a piston. Sample take-up of more viscous samples naturally takes a longer time until a viscosity where it becomes impractical. Heating up the sample prior to the introduction reduces the viscosity and the filling procedure speeds up.
ASTM D6377 allows to use a wide range of different parameters for crude oil vapor pressure testing. Thus it can be tailored to fit the parameters for most conditions. Studies by the Canadian Crude Quality Technical Association (CCQTA), however, showed that the thermal expansion of the samples makes measurements at very low V/L ratios difficult. CCQTA prefers to analyze the V/L ratio curves at a specific temperature to judge the crude oil.
eralytics’ found a solution for the thermal expansion issue in ERAVAP crude and therefore can measure accurate crude oil vapor pressures at V/L = 0.02. Additionally, curve measurement programs at various V/L ratios are available, including the TVP method (True vapor pressure) which calculates the theoretical VPCR at V/L = 0. This makes ERAVAP crude the ideal choice for crude oil measurement applications.
