Standard Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel.
Get more information about the standard at ASTM D4814-24a.
ASTM D4814 defines the requirements and test methods for gasoline used in spark-ignition engines. It ensures the quality, performance, and safety of gasoline under various operating conditions. The standard provides detailed specifications for physical, chemical, and performance characteristics, enabling manufacturers and regulatory bodies to maintain consistent fuel quality and environmental compliance.
Details
ASTM D4814 specifies a wide range of parameters that automotive gasoline must meet to ensure proper engine performance and minimize emissions. These parameters include:
- Volatility: Regulated through Reid Vapor Pressure (RVP) to optimize engine starting, performance, and evaporation characteristics. Season-specific RVP limits are included to address differences in fuel behavior in summer and winter.
- Distillation: Ensures consistent fuel vaporization, crucial for engine efficiency and emissions control.
- Octane rating: Sets the minimum anti-knock index (AKI) to prevent engine knocking under high compression.
- Sulfur content: Limits sulfur levels to reduce exhaust emissions and protect catalytic converters.
- Oxygenates: Allows for specified levels of ethanol and other oxygenates to improve combustion and meet renewable fuel standards.
- Gum content and corrosion: Tests for residues and the potential for metal corrosion to ensure long-term fuel system compatibility.
The standard also includes performance tests and classifications based on geographic and seasonal requirements. Compliance with ASTM D4814 ensures that gasoline performs reliably across a wide range of environmental conditions while meeting emission standards.
Industries & Applications
ASTM D4814 is widely used across several industries, including:
- Petroleum industry: Refineries and fuel suppliers use the standard to produce gasoline that meets regulatory and consumer demands
- Automotive industry: Manufacturers rely on ASTM D4814 to ensure engine designs are compatible with commercially available gasoline
- Fuel retailers: Gas stations follow these specifications to guarantee fuel quality for customers
- Environmental agencies: Regulatory bodies use ASTM D4814 to enforce emissions standards and monitor fuel quality
- Renewable fuel producers: Ethanol and biofuel producers use the standard to ensure proper blending with gasoline