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ASTM D7094 flash point testing is the future-proof replacement for ASTM D93 Pensky-Martens testers, bringing 100% safety, unrivalled speed as well as best in class precision to your laboratory.
THE NEXT ERA of Flash Point Testing
ASTM D7094 flash point testing is the future-proof replacement for ASTM D93 Pensky-Martens testers, bringing 100% safety, unrivalled speed as well as best in class precision to your laboratory. With the wide temperature range of -40 °C to 420 °C (-40 °F to 788 °F) all kinds of liquids can be tested using only 1-2 mL of sample. Take your time and see why PRECISION, SPEED & SAFETY matters.
1. Precision
Sleepless nights from flash point testing results you don’t trust? eraflash is the most accurate flash point tester on the market with results you can rely on. That’s not what only we say, numerous ILSs have confirmed this. ASTM D7094 offers the best precision over the widest temperature range even for contaminated samples.
| Sample | Flash Point (°C) | ASTM D7094 R (°C) | ASTM D93 R (°C) | ASTM D56 R (°C) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Flavors & Fragrances | 23 | 2.0 | N/A | N/A |
 | Jet Fuels | 40 | 2.6 | 2.8 | 3.1 |
 | Diesel Fuels | 60 | 3.2 | 4.3 | 3.8 |
 | Oil | 200 | 5.6 | 14.2 | N/A |
Curious how precise flash point testing could be?
2. Speed
Tired of boring flash point measurements that take forever? The turnaround time of a typical D7094 diesel measurement on eraflash is 11.5 min compared to 22 min on a D93 flash point tester. This allows for up to 5 measurements per hour! Isn’t that fantastic?
| Sample | Flash Point (°C) | ASTM D7094 Time (min) | ASTM D93 R Time (min) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jet Fuels | 40 | 11 | 20 |
| Diesel Fuels | 60 | 12 | 22 |
| Oil | 200 | 23 | 42 |
Curious how fast flash point testing could be?
3. Safety
Is your closed-cup flash point method really safe? ASTM D7094 is the only method that measures your sample with 100% safety. This is because the vapor of only 2 ml of sample is ignited with a spark inside a continuously closed-cup. Although the traditional ASTM D93 Pensky-Martens method is a closed-cup flash-point method, the 70 ml cup is opened in order to ignite the sample vapor with a gas flame or glowing wire, which causes an open flame to extend well outside the cup.
What is actually the difference between ASTM D7094 continuously closed-cup and D93 “closed”-cup flashpoint measurements?
Flash points can be measured via different methods which differ in whether the vapors and flame are exposed to the atmosphere or not. Generally, three different procedures are used, the open cup methods (e.g. ASTM D92), closed-cup methods (e.g. D93) and continuously closed-cup methods (e.g. ASTM D7094).
In a Pensky-Martens D93 flash point tester, 70 ml of the sample being added and tested in the measurement cup. The cup is closed with a lid and the sample is heated towards the flashpoint. As the sample is heated, vapors are formed in the space above the liquid. For the flash point tests at regular intervals, the lid is opened, and an ignition source (glowing wire or open flame) is dipped into the measurement cup. If the flash point has been reached, the sample vapors ignite, and a flame can be observed outside the cup. In case the test starts above the flash point, at the first ignition, the flame will extend well outside the cup and it will not extinguish until the lid is closed or the mandatory fire extinguisher is activated.
During ignition and detection of the flash point, the sample, the vapors and the flame are all exposed to atmosphere using a “close- cup” D93 apparatus. That means a too high start temperature can cause explosive flames and thus create a fire hazard. This is even more crucial for unknown samples.
As an open flame outside the measurement cup poses a significant fire danger in a laboratory, the US Navy commissioned the development of an inherently safe flash point testing method in the 1990s to be used on its fleet. This work resulted in the continuously closed-cup methods ASTM D6450 and ASTM D7094.
In a D7094 tester, 2 ml of sample is added to the measurement cup. This cup is then pressed against the heating plate, forming a closed chamber. As the sample is heated, vapors are formed in the space above the liquid. For the flash point tests at regular intervals, an arc is generated through the two electrodes which are inside the closed chamber. If the flash point has been reached, the sample vapor ignites, and a flame burns inside the cup until it is automatically extinguished due to lack of oxygen. The flame will lead to an instantaneous increase of the pressure inside the cup, which is detected via a pressure sensor. The temperature at this point is recorded as the flash point. As the vapors, the ignition source and the flame are always inside the closed compartment, continuously closed-cup methods like D7094 are considered inherently safe as they rule out any fire hazard in the lab.
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